The participation of outside songwriters seems to have pushed Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons – and to be fair, Peter Criss and Ace Frehley too – to sharpen their skills. There were several secret ingredients to its success the visionary Alice Cooper producer Bob Ezrin, a pinch of maniacal svengali Kim Fowley and, perhaps more to the point, hitherto unheard of levels of discipline and hard work on the part of the band itself. Huge, shiny, dynamic, catchy-yet-heavy while being both musically sophisticated and calculatedly dumb in the inimitable Kiss style (and above all, fun), it’s perhaps the apogee of US 1970s macho/camp glam rock. From the classy, iconic cover artwork by Ken Kelly – tenuously related to Frank Frazetta family-wise but artistically his direct descendant – onwards, this was Kiss, not just on a larger-than-life, but a giant scale.
Following on from the breakthrough success of 1975’s storming (if somewhat polished in the studio) Alive!, Destroyer feels, from its opening chords, like the big one the band had been working towards. Once collected, the Navy shares data with the National Marine Fisheries Service and other scientific organizations.In terms of genuine, street level rock ‘n’ roll thrills, Kiss have never quite bettered their first three studio albums, but it was number four, 1976’s Destroyer that catapulted them into the platinum sales stratosphere and it remains one of their greatest and best-loved records. “By using the best available science, we can move forward with our environmental impact studies and work out the best way that the Navy should mitigate while conducting our activities, and how we can contribute to not harming the environment in the most effective way possible,” Filipowicz said. Navy training and testing activities,” he says.īecause nearby Norfolk is home to a large number of Navy vessels that use sonar, data collected in experiments such as the one that involved the USS Cole is key to understanding how these ships and those in other waters may impact the environment. “These two species aren’t a particular concern for vessel strikes, but beaked whales do seem to be susceptible to mid-frequency sonar, which is the motivation for this project supporting environmental compliance for U.S. “This particular event with the Cole was very successful because we were able to coordinate with the Navy ship and use real tactical sonar for the exposure.”īell adds that while pilot and beaked whales aren’t commonly victims of run-ins with ships, as humpback whales in the Hampton Roads region are, sonar may be another story. This way, researchers would have a good baseline of the whales’ behavior so that any changes caused by sonar would be more noticeable.Īlthough the team was only able to deploy two tags during this specific part of the project because of a tropical storm, Bell considers the effort a win. Researchers have been tracking the movements of whales in the area for years and began conducting controlled sonar experiments like this one in 2017, says Joel Bell, a senior marine resources specialist at Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Atlantic.īell tells Bay Bulletin that in an ideal scenario, perhaps a dozen whales would be tagged several weeks in advance of a controlled exposure to sonar. “It’s not an easy thing for a ship to do, and the Cole supported us tremendously.” Fleet Forces Command in Norfolk, says the destroyer’s contribution was no small feat.
Ron Filipowicz, an environmental policy specialist at U.S. The tags allow researchers to see what the mammals do after nearby sonar has been activated.įor its part in the project, the Navy says the Cole used its active sonar in a controlled way–at a set place and time–so that researchers could monitor how two pods of tagged whales behaved in response. Whales “participating” in the study, which is being conducted over time, are tagged off the Virginia Capes and the coast of North Carolina with satellite-linked telemetry tags, and in some cases, acoustic tags. The destroyer helped in the Atlantic Behavioral Response Study (BRS), a project created to see how beaked and pilot whales react to sonar as they move through the ocean on their migratory routes. To help scientists learn more about how sonar affects whales, the USS Cole and her crew recently took part in an important marine mammal-focused mission near Chesapeake waters.
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